Dr. Yuan on Diamonds: Fostering the Future of Diamond Producers
Release time:
2021-10-06 00:00
Cultivate diamonds to the end of 2021, the global market will have a big change, there are two main factors:
1, India's low-quality CVD cultivated diamonds hit the looser standard of India IGI certificate, sold to the global market, disrupting the global market price.
2, De Beers Lightbox since October 2021 to sell 2 karat general quality cultivation diamond, like 1 karat, it also sells US$800/carat, and it is possible that 3 karat will also sell US$800/carat in the autumn of 2022. He is now commissioning US jewelry e-commerce company Blue Nile to sell directly to consumers in 70 countries around the world.
These two factors will gradually affect the habits of the global market. After consumers generally know that they will buy a large number of De Beers cultivated diamonds. The cultivated diamonds of other pipelines cannot compete with De Beers. To invest large capital of the new cultivation of diamond producers, will be the biggest impact, divided into high temperature and high pressure and CVD to discuss:
First, high temperature and high pressure
There are about 10000 six-sided top presses in China. In 2021, the old factory will have about 3000 diamonds growing and cultivating. Another five new factories are under construction. It is estimated that 5~6000 large six-sided top presses will be added. Now the manufacturing of large six-sided top presses is the bottleneck. The forged six-sided top presses newly produced two years ago are another option and are under the test of time. It turns out that the hinge beam is made by casting method, which has low plasticity, is not easy to deform, and has a service life of about more than ten years. After more than half a century of tests, the industry is basically satisfied. The plasticity of the forged hinge beam is strong. After long-term use, the stress will cause the plastic deformation of the six hinge beams, which will cause the deviation of the six top hammers to the neutral, which is easy to produce shooting and damage the top hammers and parts. It remains to be seen how many years it can last under the condition of continuous heating and cooling, boosting and reducing pressure. At present, the amount of casting and forging six-sided top large-scale presses that can be supplied to customers is about 600 units per year nationwide.
The main industrial products for high temperature and high pressure are small particle abrasives. The global annual demand is about 20 billion carats, most of which are produced in China. About 8000 sets of six-sided top presses are currently used. Other uses are very small, such as car blades, wire drawing dies, etc.
If due to the De Beers factor, other cultivation manufacturers cannot compete for more than 1.5 karat of finished cultivated diamonds, and high-temperature and high-pressure manufacturers can also compete for 1.5 karat and below finished cultivated diamonds. As the retail price of these finished cultivated diamonds of De Beers size is still US$800/carat, we still have room to compete. These specifications of cultivated diamonds, high temperature and high pressure six-sided top can still grow 3, 4 karat of rough, used to cut and grind the finished cultivated diamonds below 1.5 karat. Blanks with poor clarity can be crushed by Indian cutting mills to make medium and small drills of various sizes.
High-temperature and high-pressure six-sided top machines should carefully consider the increase in quantity, otherwise after the market is saturated, the extra machines will go back to grow industrial abrasives. The excess output will reduce the price of diamond abrasives and damage the profits of all operators.
Second, microwave CVD
The manufacture of microwave CVD mainly uses machining centers to produce small workpieces without bottlenecks. However, the technology of machine structure and machine material is extremely difficult to grow pure white C.VD diamond, the machines used in CVD growth plants around the world prove that the best is Japan's SEKI, plus a good process to succeed. Such as Singapore Ila Company, Shanghai Zhengshi, Hangzhou Chaoran and SEKI original machines of Zhengzhou Sanmo Research Institute. In addition, the 6-inch CVD machine developed by De Beers is also very good. Recently, domestic machines have made breakthroughs in color and machine specifications. In the future, production costs and production efficiency will soon lead the world.
If CVD manufacturers cannot compete with the finished cultivated diamonds that De Beers is selling, in recent years, they will stagger the 1 and 2 karat that De Beers is selling now, and everyone will sell more than 3 karat. If De Beers starts selling 3 karat finished cultivated diamonds by the end of next year, they will sell more than 4 karat products.
CVD manufacturers should only cut into a large number of industrial projects at the same time, such as heat sink, semiconductor single crystal diamond industrial projects, but to expand the machine specifications, reduce the growth cost, so that the private industry up. The price of large quantities should be reduced to 1/10 of the current price of seed chips. The most important products in the future are single crystal diamond wafers, 4, 6, 8, 12 inches, replacing silicon wafers and silicon carbide wafers. Others such as boron-containing polycrystalline diamond film, sheet, LED PN section luminescence, semiconductor wafer CMP polishing diamond dishes.
The amount of machinery required for CVD in industrial projects is 10. a hundred times the amount of machinery required for all jewelry. The specifications of the machine are now mostly 2-inch pallets. The industry should develop 4, 6, 8, and 12-inch large-size machines as soon as possible. After the successful development of large-scale machines, CVD manufacturers can compete with De Beers for 1, 2 and 3 karat finished cultivated diamonds.
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